2 Samuel 15:18

Authorized King James Version

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And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred men which came after him from Gath, passed on before the king.

Original Language Analysis

וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 1 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
עֲבָדָיו֙ And all his servants H5650
עֲבָדָיו֙ And all his servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 2 of 22
a servant
עֹֽבְרִ֖ים passed on H5674
עֹֽבְרִ֖ים passed on
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 3 of 22
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 4 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
יָד֔וֹ beside H3027
יָד֔וֹ beside
Strong's: H3027
Word #: 5 of 22
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 6 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַכְּרֵתִ֖י him and all the Cherethites H3774
הַכְּרֵתִ֖י him and all the Cherethites
Strong's: H3774
Word #: 7 of 22
a kerethite or life-guardsman
וְכָל H3605
וְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 8 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַפְּלֵתִ֑י and all the Pelethites H6432
הַפְּלֵתִ֑י and all the Pelethites
Strong's: H6432
Word #: 9 of 22
a courier (collectively) or official messenger
וְכָֽל H3605
וְכָֽל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 10 of 22
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַגִּתִּ֞ים and all the Gittites H1663
הַגִּתִּ֞ים and all the Gittites
Strong's: H1663
Word #: 11 of 22
a gittite or inhabitant of gath
שֵׁשׁ six H8337
שֵׁשׁ six
Strong's: H8337
Word #: 12 of 22
six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand); as ordinal, sixth
מֵא֣וֹת hundred H3967
מֵא֣וֹת hundred
Strong's: H3967
Word #: 13 of 22
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
אִ֗ישׁ men H376
אִ֗ישׁ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 14 of 22
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 15 of 22
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בָּ֤אוּ which came H935
בָּ֤אוּ which came
Strong's: H935
Word #: 16 of 22
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
בְרַגְלוֹ֙ after H7272
בְרַגְלוֹ֙ after
Strong's: H7272
Word #: 17 of 22
a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a step; by euphemistically the pudenda
מִגַּ֔ת him from Gath H1661
מִגַּ֔ת him from Gath
Strong's: H1661
Word #: 18 of 22
gath, a philistine city
עֹֽבְרִ֖ים passed on H5674
עֹֽבְרִ֖ים passed on
Strong's: H5674
Word #: 19 of 22
to cross over; used very widely of any transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive, intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 20 of 22
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
פְּנֵ֥י before H6440
פְּנֵ֥י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 21 of 22
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king H4428
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 22 of 22
a king

Analysis & Commentary

And all his servants passed on beside him; and all the Cherethites, and all the Pelethites, and all the Gittites, six hundred men which came after him from Gath, passed on before the king.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Rebellion, emphasizing betrayal, trusting God in exile. Absalom's conspiracy demonstrates calculating betrayal and political manipulation. David's flight from Jerusalem parallels later exile experiences, developing themes of trusting God during devastating reversals. The Hebrew emphasizes Absalom's patient, methodical undermining of David's authority. Cross-references to Psalms written during this period (Psalms 3, 63) reveal David's spiritual responses to political catastrophe.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 15 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding betrayal, trusting God in exile provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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